{"id":210,"date":"2021-09-10T10:20:04","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T02:20:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/?p=210"},"modified":"2022-03-07T15:17:04","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T07:17:04","slug":"linux%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/?p=210","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u8bb8\u591alinux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u7b26\u5408FHS (\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784)\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/\n\u251c \/bin\n\u251c \/boot\n\u251c \/dev\n\u251c \/etc\n\u251c \/home\n\u251c \/lib\n\u251c \/mnt\n\u251c \/media\n\u251c \/opt\n\u251c \/proc\n\u251c \/root\n\u251c \/sbin\n\u251c \/tmp\n\u251c \/srv\n\u251c \/usr\n\uff5c \u251c \/usr\/bin\/\n\uff5c \u251c \/usr\/include\/\n\uff5c \u251c \/usr\/lib\/\n\uff5c \u251c \/usr\/sbin\/\n\uff5c \u251c \/usr\/share\/\n\uff5c \u251c \/usr\/src\/\n\uff5c \u2514 \/usr\/local\/\n\u2514 \/var\n\u3000 \u251c \/var\/lock\/\n\u3000 \u251c \/var\/log\/\n\u3000 \u251c \/var\/mail\/\n\u3000 \u251c \/var\/run\/\n\u3000 \u251c \/var\/spool\/\n\u3000 \u251c \/var\/spool\/mail\/\n\u3000 \u2514 \/var\/tmp\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
1. \/<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \/bin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5305\u542b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4(cp\u3001chmod\u7b49)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5305\u542bFHS\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5355\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \/boot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u542f\u52a8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5305\u542b\u542f\u52a8\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5185\u6838\u955c\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. \/dev<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f(Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206)\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*\u5173\u4e8e\/dev\/null<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u662fUnix\u548c\u7c7bUnix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf(OS)\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e(\u5199\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f)\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e(\u8fd4\u56deEOF)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6291\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\/\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo \"hello\" > \/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5f3a\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat \/dev\/null > file1.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5. \/etc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u653e\u7f6e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. \/home<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u540e\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. \/lib<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\/use\/lib\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8. \/mnt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
9. \/media<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9(CD\u3001\u8f6f\u76d8\u3001DVD)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10. \/opt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u6709\u975e\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\/usr\/local\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11. \/proc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5b58\u50a8\u7279\u5b9a\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728SSD\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12. \/root<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
13. \/sbin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
13. \/tmp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5b58\u653e\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* \/tmp\u5c06\u5728\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u800c\/var\/tmp\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u671f\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
14. \/srv<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ad9\u70b9\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15. \/usr<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u653e\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e93\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.1. \/usr\/bin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.2. \/usr\/include<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u8bed\u8a00\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.3. \/usr\/lib<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u50a8\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.4. \/usr\/sbin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u653e\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\/sbin\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.5. \/usr\/share<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u653e\u7f6e\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5177\u4f53\u653e\u7f6e\u624b\u518c\uff08man\uff09\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08locale\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.6. \/usr\/src<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u653e\u7f6e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u4e8e\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.7. \/usr\/local<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16. \/var<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b58\u50a8\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.1. \/var\/lock<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u72ec\u5360\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.2. \/var\/log<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u4e0a\u7f51\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.3. \/var\/mail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u90ae\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u5230normal\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.4. \/var\/run<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u5b58\u653e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2apid\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* \u5173\u4e8epid\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86
\u8fdb\u7a0bID\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86
\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u534f\u4f5c\u7b49\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002PID\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u540e\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684PID\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684PID\u6587\u4ef6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.5. \/var\/spool<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u7b49\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2aspool\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230spool\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.6. \/var\/spool\/mail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u524d\u7528\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u53f3\u952e\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.7. \/var\/tmp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5468\u671f\u81ea\u884c\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u53ef\u7531cron\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8bb8\u591alinux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u7b26\u5408FHS (\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784)\u6807\u51c6\u3002 1. \/ \u6839\u76ee\u5f55 2. \/bin \u5305\u542b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[9,8],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=210"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":215,"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions\/215"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fengjijiao.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}